Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Outline Essay Sample free essay sample

Purification – physical separation of drosss and byproducts from an impure sample pure substance. *Distillation- for liquid compounds.*Recrystallization- solid compounds Recrystallization– precipitation of a solid cpd. from a concentrated solution in the signifier of crystals through chilling or vaporization -7 stairss:1 ) choosing the appropriate dissolver2 ) fade outing the solute3 ) bleaching the solution4 ) removing suspended solids5 ) crystallising the solute6 ) collection and rinsing the crystals7 ) drying the merchandise– 2 Kinds of Impurities: 1 ) more soluble2 ) less soluble than the chief constituent– impure solid foremost dissolved in an appropriate dissolver when heated – appropriate/ideal solvent = dissolves constituent to be purified when hot ( boiling point ) . = does NOT fade out constituent to be purified when cold= room temp. or 0oC = either dissolves drosss when cold OR does NOT fade out drosss when hot – constituents will so crystallise in its purer signifier as the solution is cooled. Less soluble constituent will crystallise first As the crystals are formed. the right molecules that will suit in the crystal lattice are selected while the incorrect molecules are ignored. We will write a custom essay sample on Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Outline Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ensuing in a pure solid – Depends on: 1 ) solubility of the compound 2 ) differences in solubility of the desired solutes A ; drosss dissolved in the dissolver – Common Solvents Used:Solvent| Formula| Polarity| Boiling Pt. ( oC ) |Water| H2O| Very Polar| 100|Ethanol| CH3CH2OH| Polar| 78|Methanol| CH3OH| Polar| 65|dichloromethane| CH2Cl2| Slightly Polar| 40|Diethyl ether| ( CH3CH2 ) 2O| Slightly Polar| 35| IV. Experimental0. 100 g of powdery impure benzoic acid. 1 little piece of boiling bit. and 2 milliliter of distilled H2O were added severally into a vial. While twirling the mixture invariably. it was so heated to boiling until the benzoic acid had dissolved wholly in the H2O. The solution was so cooled by adding a few beads of distilled H2O. A pinch of activated C was added after. Then. the mixture was heated to boiling for a 2nd clip for a few proceedingss until the volume of the mixture had decreased by about 1 milliliters. The hot mixture was so instantly poured into a 5mL disposable syringe ( without the acerate leaf ) with a cotton stopper indoors at the underside of the syringe tubing to move as a filter. The Piston of the syringe was so pressed to coerce the liquid through the filter. roll uping the filtrate into another phial. The hot concentrated solution or filtrate was so cooled to room temperature before sealing the vial and slow-cooling it in an ice bath. The crystals yielded were collected in a pre-weighed filter paper on a 50 milliliter beaker ( as an jury-rigged filter paper support ) . Small increases of ice-cold H2O were added to rinse the phial to acquire the staying crystals. The filter paper incorporating the gathered crystals was so carefully taken out from the filter system. so was folded with the crystals inside. and so pressed in between folded tissue paper to squash out extra H2O. After leting the filter paper and crystals to dry up wholly. the filter paper with the crystals was weighed. The weight of the filter paper entirely was subtracted from the obtained weight to acquire the weight of the yielded crystals. Percent recovery was computed for by spliting the weight of the yielded crystals by the weight of the impure benzoic acid. V. ResultsFrom the 0. 100 g of the impure sample of benzoic acid. 0. 030 g of pure benzoic crystals was yielded. holding a percent recovery of 30 % . VI. DiscussionThe chemical equation for the reaction of benzoic acid with H2O is as follows: C6H5COOH ( aq ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter ) C6H5COO- ( aq ) + H3O+ ( aq ) .It is a reversible reaction allows the dissolved benzoic acid to recrystallize or travel back to its solid signifier as a purer compound. Water= appropriate or ideal dissolver for benzoic acid due to immense solubility difference in H2O. * indissoluble @ low temp 2. 1g of benzoic acid dissolves in 1L of H2O at 10oC * soluble @ high temp 68g of benzoic acid dissolves in 1L of H2O at 95oC The mixture invariably swirled as the mixture was being heated * additions rate of disintegration and information of the system * increasing the interaction between H2O and benzoic acid molecules. *The complete disintegration of benzoic acid led to a clear solution. Boiling chip- induces boiling – added to the mixture while @ ROOM temp– NOT boiling temp– to forestall spilling or boiling over Activated charcoal- used for decolorization– made up of finely separated C atoms w/ great surface country – adsorb the drosss from sol’n ( aka it causes drosss to attach amp ; be trapped onto the wood coal atom’s surface ) . – C atoms excessively BIG to go through thru filter paper minimizes drosss! *NOTE: Excessively much activated C loss of the pure substance. Filter syringe- used to increase pureness to filtrate out activated wood coal A ; other drosss on the cotton stopper Sol’n was filtered quickly to hold every bit small residue of benzoic acid crystals as possible yielded from crystallisation already taking topographic point as the temp. A ; solubility of the benzoic acid was diminishing. Slow chilling in an ice bath- to assist crystals set up in a finer undistorted molecular geometry. excepting drosss from the crys tal formation. In instance crystallisation doesn’t take topographic point while chilling usage SEED CRYSTAL * Its similar construction to the pure crystals will function as â€Å"source code† merely molecules that will suit absolutely in the lattice will crystallise. go forthing out drosss with a different construction. Complete drying of the filter paper and crystals minimize inaccuracy in consequences because the added mass of H2O while weighing affects or increases the % recovery. Formula for per centum recovery was used: % recovery= weight recovered benzoic acid x 100 weight impure benzoic acid VII. Answers to Questions1. List the belongingss of an ideal dissolver to execute the purification of an organic compound by the crystallisation technique. * fade out the solute @ high temperatures or boiling platinum* does NOT fade out solute @ depression or room temp.* either dissolves drosss ( @ room temp ) or NOT fade out them at all ( @ high temp ) so that drosss WON’T crystallize with solute A ; can be therefore removed by filtration. * Inert= should NOT respond with solute or there will be a lesser output of pure crystals due to molecular interaction * volatile so it can be easy removed from the solute crystals. 2. In sublimating by crystallisation from a dissolver. is it advisable to chill the solution easy or quickly? Explain. COOL SLOWLY so that crystals will organize in its most right A ; undistorted molecular geometry. go forthing drosss out from the crystal formation. *Rapid chilling will ensue a greater output in the terminal ( because drosss will hold been included ) . therefore taking to inaccurate consequences. 3. What advantages does H2O hold as a crystallisation dissolver? * non-flammable* safe and non-toxic* used for a broad scope of temperatures* high heat capacity and can fade out different substances * polar. therefore. it can fade out substances. particularly polar 1s. easy. 4. Solubility of benzoic acid in H2O: 0. 21g/ 100mL H2O at 10oC ; 0. 27g/100mL at 18oC ; 2. 75g/ 100mL at 80oC ; 6. 80g/ 100mL at 95oC. Two pupils crystallized 10 g samples of benzoic acid from H2O. the first dissolution benzoic acid at 80oC and filtrating at 10oC. the 2nd fade outing the acid at 95oC and filtrating at 18oC. Calculate the measure of H2O each pupil was required to utilize and the maximal recovery of benzoic acid possible in each instance. STUDENT A @ 80oC 10 g =2. 75 g sten milliliter 100mLx= 363. 636 milliliter H2O@ 10oC y gms = 0. 21 g vitamin D363. 636 milliliter 100mLy= 0. 7636g benzoic acid9. 24g benzoic acid9. 24g benzoic acid 10 g- 0. 7636g= Student B@ 95oC 10 g = 6. 80 g vitamin Dten milliliter 100mLx= 147. 058 milliliter H2O@ 18oC y gms = 0. 27 g vitamin D147. 058mL 100mL9. 60g benzoic acid acid9. 60g benzoic acid acidy= 0. 397 g benzoic acid 10 g- 0. 397g= 5. A Solid ( X ) is soluble in H2O to the extent of 1g per 100g of H2O at room temperature and 10g per 100g of H2O at the boiling point. a. How would you sublimate X from a mixture of 10g of Ten with 0. 1g of dross Y. which is wholly indissoluble in H2O. and 1g of dross Z. holding the same solubility features in H2O as X? Separating Yttrium 1. Dissolve the mixture in 100g H2O and furuncle to 100?C. Everything should fade out except for Y. 2. Cool mixture to room temperature3. Filter. This will divide dross Y from X and dross Z. Separating Z1. Add H2O up to 100mL to the filtrate.2. Heat to boiling ( 100oC )3. Slowly cool to room temp4. Filter the mixture. The filter paper residue= pure X crystals. *Formation of Z is undistinguished because it is merely 1g and has a different crystal construction than X. excepting Z from X’s crystallisation. 90 % or 9g of Ten will be obtained90 % or 9g of Ten will be obtainedB. How much pure Ten could be obtained after one recrystallization from H2O? 10g of X – 1g X dissolved ten 100 % =10 g of X *Solubilities of different solutes are independent of each other. therefore. 1 g of solutes X and Z would fade out at room temperature. c. How much pure Ten could be obtained after one recrystallization from a mixture of 10g of Ten with 9g of Z? * A = 1000g H2O to fade out 10g X @ room temp.A = 1000g H2O to fade out 10g X @ room temp.Ten and Z must be dissolved foremost. Solubilities of X and Z are independent of each other. Solid X. being the larger sum. is used as footing. 10g of X = 1g of TenA g H2O 100g H2O* B= 900g H2O to fade out 9g Z @ room temp.B= 900g H2O to fade out 9g Z @ room temp.Water must so be boiled until 900g of H2O is left to guarantee dross Z won’t dissolve and crystallise with X under room temperature. 9g of Z = 1g of OmegaB g H2O 100g H2O* C= 9g of X dissolved in900g H2O @ room temp. C= 9g of X dissolved in900g H2O @ room temp. Slowly cool the solution to organize X crystals.C g of X = 1g of Ten900g H2O 100g H2O 1 g of X crystallized1 g of X crystallized 10g X- 9g Ten dissolved= d. Based on the consequence obtained. what is suggested about the usage of crystallisation as a purification technique? Using crystallisation to divide and sublimate solid substances is non so efficient because of its heavy dependance on the substance’s solubility. doing it hard to divide substances of the same solubility and of important sums. VIII. Decision Recrystallization. although a common purification technique for its simpleness and utility. is non such an efficient method because it CAN’T: * sublimate non-solids* separate compounds whose constituents ( the chief constituent and dross ) have the same solubility due to recrystallization’s heavy dependance on solubility. particularly when both constituents exist in important sums * wholly sublimate the end-product IX. Mentions â€Å"Crystallization. † University of Colorado. University of Colorado. n. d. Web. 4 Feb. 2013 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //orgchem. Colorado. edu/CCCE/frame/images/handbook. pdf gt ; . â€Å"Recrystallization. † Hartnell College. Hartnell College. n. d. Web. 17 Dec.2012. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. hartnell. edu/faculty/shovde/chem12a/lablecturehandouts/recrystallizationlecture. htm gt ; . â€Å"Recrystallization: a purification technique for solids. † German Jordanian University. German Jordanian University. n. d. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. lt ; World Wide Web. gju. edu. jo/admin/s32files/3-RECR. physician gt ; .

Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store Essay Example

Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store Essay Example Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store Essay Factors Effecting Conversion of Footfalls in a Retail Store Essay International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 â€Å"FACTORS AFFECTING CONVERSION OF FOOTFALLS IN RETAIL STORES† Abu Bashar, Assistant Professor, Brown Hills College of Engg Tech. , Faridabad, Haryana, INDIA ABSTRACT In this research paper efforts have been made to explore various factors which affect the behavior of consumers in a retail outlet. A random sample of respondents visiting retail outlets has been considered for the present study. The paper mainly focuses towards various factors which affects the decision of the consumer in the store while they visit there for shopping. So, this research is mainly concerned with the behavior of the consumer and the various factors which are of enormous importance in converting the footfall within the stores. The paper also intends to recommend some feasible and viable strategies to be followed by retail outlets to maximize the percentage of conversion. Keywords: Behaviour, Consumers, Conversion, Factors, Retail, Shopping, Strategies International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 INTRODUCTION It becomes really very difficult for the small retailers and similar formats to compete with hyper marts and malls. The big retailers are putting cut throat competition to them. So, it becomes very important for retailers to gain a deeper insight into retail consumer behavior. The study of consumers helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as how ? : The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e. g. , brands, products); ? The the psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e. g. , culture, family, signs, media); ? ? The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; ? How consumer motivation and decision strategies differ between products that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer. Understanding these issues helps us adapt our strategies by taking the consumer into consideration. For example, by understanding that a number of different messages compete for our potential customers’ attention, we learn that to be effective, advertisement s must usually be repeated extensively. We also learn that consumers will sometimes be persuaded more by logical arguments, but at other times will be persuaded more by emotional or symbolic appeals. By understanding the consumer, we will be able to make a more informed decision as to which strategy to employ. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 There are three fundamental patterns which a consumer can follow and they could be: (I) Brand first, retail outlet second (ii) Retail outlet first, brand second (iii) Brand and retail outlet simultaneously. Good customer service is the lifeblood of any business. You can offer promotions and slash prices to bring in as many new customers as you want, but unless you can get some of those customers to come back, your business won’t be profitable for long. Good customer service is all about bringing customers back. And about sending them away happy – happy enough to pass positive feedback about your business along to others, who may then try the product or service you offer for themselves and in their turn become repeat customers if you’re a good salesperson, you can sell anything to anyone once. Besides from the above stated facts the following factors are also very much important for attracting, converting and retaining customers in a particular retail outlet. These factors are being described below. 1. Availability of merchandise in the store 2. Product Quality 3. Product range(both product width and depth) 4. Promotional offers and frequency of schemes. 5. Services (pre, during and post purchase) 6. Pricing as a result of merchandise on offer 7. Ambience of the store International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 8. The empathy factor of the outlet attendant In order to gain deeper insight a thorough investigation of the related literature have been investigated, some of them are given below 1. Lichtle, M. C et al. investigates that it is interesting to notice that the outlet’s characteristics have an impact on value, which, in its turn, has an impact on satisfaction. Our results show what variables are to be privileged if one wishes to give the outlet its utilitarian and/or hedonic value. In the first case, the stress has to be put on product availability. This means that when a retailer, considering her/his product range, wants to confer a utilitarian value to the shopping behaviour all she/he has to do is to make sure that her/his products are easily available and within easy reach. The hedonic value is determined by a combination of several variables: atmosphere, peripheral services, the store’s employees and crowding. Customer satisfaction will thus be indirectly improved. By handling these four variables, the retailer will manage to enhance the hedonic value the consumer attributes to shopping. According to the positioning chosen, a firm will give more emphasis either to the hedonic value or to the utilitarian value, and therefore will act on the most relevant characteristics of the outlet that our study underlined. 2. Malcolm Kirkup and Marylyn Carrigan said that as the public demand for ethical accountability grows, marketers must ensure that their activities match public expectations. Owing to its high visibility and direct contact with the public, marketing research in particular has a duty to conduct its business to the highest ethical standards. As new technology alters the way that research is conducted, there is a challenge to safeguard all the stakeholders involved in the research from unethical behaviour. Observational research is a prime example of a research technique which, while providing a valuable tool in the study of consumer behaviour, raises concerns over individual privacy particularly with the growing sophistication and power of the technology. 3. Jones, peter and David Hillier examined that Current government planning policies affecting retail investment; development and location certainly pose a major set of challenges for the leading retailers and for developers and property companies Sainsburys have argued that being more flexible in their formats allows them to take greater advantage of planning opportunities. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 4. Basso jeo and Randy Hines said that Males from the Midwest reported higher instances of positive shopping experiences at retail stores. They reported that courteous sales associates and attentive managers enhanced the shopping experience. Similarly, females from this part of the country reported higher instances of positive shopping experience. Again, the primary reason for their positive experiences was the courteous nature of the sales associates and the attentiveness of the floor-level management staff. Ten of the 25 respondents reported having negative shopping experiences at retail stores. However, while reasons varied from displeasure with the merchandise to delays in delivery of goods, none of the respondents attributed a negative experience to rude or inattentive sales associates and managers. Of the 18 females, 16 from the East reported having a negative experience at retail shopping centers. The reasons varied among respondents from poor quality merchandise to delays in shipping. However, 11 of the respondents indicated that their negative shopping experiences were the result of inattentive and rude sales associates. Two of the men reported having a negative shopping experience but they based this on the quality of the products they received. Of the eight positive shopping experiences reported by both male and female respondents, all indicated that their experiences directly resulted from an attentive sales associate or receptive management staff 5. Boedkar, Mika said that this should offer an opportunity for retailers to use segmentation and target their offerings, since it has been claimed that retail outlets tend to resemble one another and offer comparable products at comparable prices, thereby losing their individual profile. At the same time, consumer markets are becoming more sharply segmented than ever before. The new-type shoppers should be attracted by an image, one that is congruent with the consumer’s self-image. Since their demands of a retail outlet are rather high in every respect, the basics (e. g. service, price level, product quality and selection) should be considered as well as recreational, experience offering characteristics (e. g. interior design, aroma, care, product shows, and novelties). This kind of image could attract some of the traditional shoppers too, but they can be reached without the addition of recreational characteristics, implying reduced costs in retail outlet design. Without the basics, maybe only purely recreational shoppers could be attracted. Is this then the case in reality? As Rosen bloom points out, congruence between a retail outlet and consumer image is usually â€Å"more a matter of happenstance than a conscious effort to fit the store image to the target markets served by the retailer†. This means that congruence is achieved between retail outlet dimensions and traditional values held by the outlet’s founders or a typical image projected by the retailer’s trade peer group. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 6. Amine, Abdilmajid and Sandrine cadenate examines that product classes proposed in an retail outlet do not contribute equally to the variety of store image and effectiveness from the customers point of view. It also demonstrate the perception of consumer of the overall store assortment, consumers are highly sensitive in selecting range of varieties. 7. Ratcliffe, John and Sheila Flanagan said that BIDs have been tried and tested over time. They are here to stay, and will almost certainly multiply, diversify and innovate. In practice, they have not produced the negative social effects that some feared, nor have BIDs made any major public mistakes in recent years (Houstoun, 2003). Several trends reinforcing the relevance of the BID concept to the promotion of the tourism industry can, however, be distinguished (Houstoun, 2003): Hospitality trumps security. In many established BIDs fear of crime has diminished and what were formerly security personnel are increasingly being trained as ambassadors, guides or hosts to provide hospitality functions. In the same way, the focus of BID cleaning programmers has broadened so as to concentrate more on urban design, landscape and general district beautification. Greater experience and growing confidence has lead to a growth in the number of small, and some very small, BIDs. Here the accent is usually placed on promotion and marketing, as well as orchestrating a programme of festival style events delivered by voluntary effort. There is a growing realization that many of the characteristics that make a district a great place to visit – a variety of restaurants, cinemas, nightclubs, bars, cultural facilities, a walk able environment, attractive public places and a feeling of safety – also make it a great place to live. For business, in general, the visitor and residential markets tend to complement each other. 8. Kirkop, Malcolm said that for some retailers the quality of information systems has been improved – enabling a better understanding of variations in performance, better measurement of the remedial effects of initiatives, and improvements in the allocation of resources – and there is value for both head office planners and store managers. However, development and integration of the technology is proving problematic for other retailers – partly arising from the newness of the technology. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 facultyjournal. com/ ISSN: 2231-0703 9. Bennison, David et. al. examines that the challenge for urban managers is therefore to preserve and maintain the vitality of the Northern Quarter without destroying its soul. Almost by definition, the archetypal residents and businesses do not seek, let alone conform to, top-down planning and marketing, and are likely to be highly skeptical of it – somewhat ironical or paradoxical given the number of marketing and public relations companies located there. The challenge is that the city’s planners also want to maintain that distinctiveness as much as their inhabitant since the Northern Quarter forms an important element of the wider place product that is Manchester. As the City Council’s guide to visitors states: â€Å"Rising up out of one of city’s most historically rich areas is the Northern Quarter. Now transformed into a busy social and residential area, laden with independent bars, restaurants, cafe? s and shops – the Quarter has a uniqueness and credibility all of its own and attracts the kind of urban soul on the lookout for a bit of individuality and style (w. anchester. gov. uk/visitor centre/areas. htm). 10. Kirkup, Malcolm and Mohammad rafique said that in an increasingly competitive market environment future success for shopping centres will depend on effective management and marketing. Shoppers have a good choice of centres, all of which can meet their needs at a practical level. Centres need t o develop a compelling personality and distinctive position, based on identification of particular strengths within their marketing mix that will appeal to their chosen target market. Our research notes that shopping centres are unique types of service business, challenged and constrained in many areas of the marketing mix as a result of both the nature of the service and traditional philosophies and practices. The marketing mix framework proposed in the paper attempts to reflect this uniqueness and offers a more comprehensive coverage of key dimensions and a useful basis for analysis and management. OBJECTIVES The following objectives have been considered for pursuing the study in hand. Objectives 1. To study the various factors which effects conversion of footfall in retail stores? . To study and analyze the various services provided by retail stores in order to convert their footfalls. 3. To study the behavior of consumers in the store and their priorities at the time of buying. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 facultyjournal. co m/ ISSN: 2231-0703 4. To find out the measures to improve the convertibility of footfalls.. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The following methodology have been used for the study in hand Research Design: Exploratory research Sample Size: A Sample size of 100 Sampling technique: The sampling technique has been probabilistic sampling more specifically the simple random sampling Sources of Data: Data collection is based on primary and secondary data Instruments used for collection of data: Questionnaire, interviews, journals Techniques used for analysis: Two way ANOVA and chi-square test for goodness of fit FINDINGS 1. Most of the respondents are visiting retail outlets almost twice in a week. 2. A large number of customers buying all the products available in the store. While some customers are visiting store for a particular section. 3. Most of the customers are saying that retail outlets are not offering wide range of product. 4. Most of the customers are claiming that they do not have their item of choice in the store all the times. 5. Most of the customers shopping in retail outlets due to availability of merchandise at lower prices with convenience. International Journal of Management and Strategy ISSN: 2231-0703 International Journal of Management and Strategy (IJMS) 2012, Vol. No. 3, Issue 4, January-June 2012 facultyjournal. om/ ISSN: 2231-0703 6. A large number of customers are favoring the layout and accessibility of items in the store. 7. Most of the customer believe that if the store promises to do something in a particular time, it do so. 8. A large number of customers have faith in the employee of the store. 9. Most of the customer said that store give them individual attention. 10. A large number of customers are advocating that the operating hour of store is convenient for them. 11. Most of the customers found complaining about air condition and less effective ambience the stores.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary - Essay Example Of these, advertisers have more or less concentrated on appealing to the fifteen basic human needs as defined and agreed by several theorists. These include need for sex, affiliation, nurture, guidance, to aggress, to achieve, as well as physical needs such as food and drink, among others. Due to the primitiveness of these factors, ad men see â€Å"emotional appeal† as an effective move to increase marketability of the products endorsed by triggering the inner urges and motives of its consumers. In a way, this, too, affect the second aspect mentioned above. However, aside from emotional appeals, advertisers have also employed the concepts of humor, and other unique styles of presentation, and even utilized models in the image of a celebrity to leave an impression upon the viewers, readers or listeners, that will get them to buy a certain product or use a certain service. Although there are many ways to advertise a product, whether in television, print, and even in radio, it is believed that visual advertisements, such as those seen on televisions before or after a favorite show, have been found to be more effective than the rest.

MS Project and Team Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MS Project and Team Leadership - Assignment Example Identifying and eliminating unnecessary spending is the need of the hour and can take us back on track. Together we need to explore all possible avenues to limit spending and even change the financial strategies if required. As you all know failure to stick to the budget can seriously hinder the project and have negative effects on the organization as well. Usually high performance is linked with increase in productivity and better and speedy results. A high performance team is one in which every member strives to achieve better results, is capable of solving problems faster and readily adapts to change. On the other hand, one poor performer in a team can take the whole team down and lower the productivity (De Dreu & Weingrate, 2003; Shepperd, 1993). It is said that the performance of an employee depends directly on motivation and the attitude of the employee (Akanbi, 2011). Sometimes an otherwise capable team member underperforms because he is uncertain of his roles and responsibilities and does not know what is expected of him (Coutu, 2009). This lack of clarity reflects on the work. In such cases the leader should explain the role clearly and then discuss with the team member what the priorities should be. Leaders can help such team members through consistent feedback. Feedback helps the team members to identify their goals and direction. For instance in case of this project, if the team member is not clear about the overtime policies than the overtime plan he designs will not be acceptable. Lack of motivation is another reason why a team member may underperform (Davidson et al, 2005). In such cases the underperformer can be improved through carefully targeted training. The leader must understand that no two employees can be motivated the same way. Some team members get motivated when treated as an equal. Leaders can motivate such team members by

Choose one of the subjects ( table of content is required) Term Paper

Choose one of the subjects ( table of content is required) - Term Paper Example Consumers tend to purchase more when the interest rates are low, and purchase less when the interest rates are high. This is because low interest rates increase the disposable income available to a consumer, and as such, has more income to spend on purchases, whilst high interest rates reduces the disposable income available to a customer, thereby he or she has less income to spend on purchases. As a natural rule of economics, a person tends to spend more when he or she has a higher amount of disposable income. However, if such a person has lower amount of disposable income, he or she will probably spend less. As such, interest rates primarily tend to affect the middle income and the low-income consumers within the economy who do not have a vast fortune to spend of purchases and luxuries. However, this does not rule out the fact that interest rates also affect the high-income earners within the economy only that its effect on their disposable income is dismal compared to consumers from the other two income brackets. The rich might only feel the effect of high interest rates while investing, especially when the cost of investment raises due to high interests rates. As for shopping and purchase, the rich will probably go for pricy high-end luxury goods and services as they attach price to quality, in the sense that the more expensive it is, the higher quality it is. As for th e other consumers, they tend to purchase within their limits in the sense that higher prices scare them away and reduce their spending and purchasing patterns, while lower prices increase their spending as it increases their purchasing power, As such, interest rates come into play in the sense that higher interest rates equally lead to a rise in common products and services consumed by middle level and lower level consumers. For instance, if a proprietor secures a loan for his or

Moulin Rouge Analysis

Moulin Rouge Analysis Nowadays we live in democratic society and all members take action in shaping our culture. From all forms of mass communication, from all types of art the cinema occupies in society unique position. Many critics take the cinema to hot facilities of mass-media, i.e. to such, which fully seize spectator perception and compel a spectator to be identified with the heroes of film, and sometimes and with a movie camera. Specific of cinema spectacle is in its comprehensive affecting deep layers of consciousness, in a breach to archetypes of collective unconscious. An audience that gather together even today submerge in this world of dreams, appellant to bottomless and ancient archaic character of our consciousness, affecting all strings of the soul and simultaneously reflecting the most topical problems of contemporaneity. Id like to analyze one musical that has a title Moulin Rouge and I like it very much. Getting through the fashionable salons of Paris, through the fairs of beginning of a ge, finding a sound and color, surviving the competition of television and video, films continue to unite people, giving oneself up the magic twinkling of illusion, able to unite emotions, passions, expectations and dreams of millions together. Not a single art passes with such authenticity exactly because of that is not a locomotive picture, copying reality, and shows by itself the product of collective creation and consumption, our everyday life, our habits and consuetudes, doing them maximally accessible to the greatest masses. I want to say that it is too easy to be critical of things we dislike. Additionally, we tend to be cynical about things we dislike, rather than critical and for this my assignment, I will be required to employ the critical process to something that I like, of my favorite film or it will be better to say to my favorite musical. First of all it is necessary to pay our attention on the next information that the nature of the cinema socializes people, unites them and it has a place not only because it is the synthesis of all other arts (and in this sense has one analogy temple action only) but also that is why, that the cinema is industry which must be covered a cost, functioning like the kind of independent thing in itself, but not burdening society financial dependence, compensated submissive execution of social order. Only the cinema is able to engulf practically all spheres of public consciousness, however much it is a sphere of mythology, i.e. cognition of the world by immersion in the difficult structures of archetypes and phenomena, by their emotional research from within. Putting in order and taking away individual and social myths in the sphere of consciousness, the cinema reconsiders them in a spirit every new decade, for history of cinematographic being art by a whole epoch. Intruding in a daily o ccurrence, the glimmered ray of projector compels us to comprehend and experience our life as nothing much more valuable and considerable, than that, how we perceived it. And herein is a true of the cinema, because it does not substitute by itself reality, but mythologized private and public life, giving every action and motion of the soul of man unique and epic scope. Much more unbelievable things happen in life, there are coincidences and chances, far more surprising, than on the screen, but the cinema offers to us problems, characters and signs in more bare and dramatized kind. It is a way of an old proverb appearance: As in the cinema! I want to make my first step of critical analysis with musical description. Moulin Rouge is a romantic musical film produced by Baz Luhrmann in 2001. In accordance with Red Curtain Cinema principles, the film is based on the Orpheah myth and also on Guiseppe Verdis opera La Traviata. It tells us amazing love story of a young English poet Christian (Ewan McGregor) and the star of Moulin Rouge, cabaret actress and courtesan Satine (Nicole Kidman). Chriastian fall in love with this girl and as a result of it we receive wonderful musical that take away our feelings and emotions. The film won two Oscars (for direction and costume design) and was really nominated on 8 of them. In Sydney, Australia it was filmed at Fox Studios. We should mark that it is the first musical in 22 years that was nominated for the best picture. Analyzing this musical we can say that the first half of film is a continuous furious show, dances, cancan, songs, phantasmagoria, shocking sceneries, humor and slapstick. Dynamics of development of events is quite shocking. You do not have time to regain consciousness from one most magnificent shot, as it is replaced other, yet more magnificent, chic and impressive. But from some certain moment, when all protagonists of this theatrical are certain, it loses all dynamism and grows into viscous and a few snotty melodrama. Dynamism at once is lost, the masculine half of hall begins frankly to be sad and reaches mobile telephones, to read the SMS-massages got in times of cancan, however nice ladiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Nice ladies look at this simple history not attentively, nervously pinning handkerchiefs against the charming noses. It is love story for them. An old love story! Old words of love! However, I do not have claims against that bright, magnificent and a very dynamic action suddenl y whipped off steam and rolled at a speed of light carriage, spreading wheels on an asphalt old as the world story about a love triangle and about that, how harmful and it is wrong to fall in love in courtesans. In fact, it is laws of genre! It is a rule of construction of such films! Show, whirlwind, slapstick, whereupon sudden viscous melodrama. Describing and summarizing actions of this musical I want to say that personally for me the first half of film atoned everything. Because it is the real show. Because it is perfectly taken off and looks at oneself simply splendidly. Moulin Rouge was filmed without the observance of some age-old canons and traditions, giving vent unrestrained flight of fantasy and allowing artists, computer designers, decorators and ballet-masters to create something new and interesting. A quite phantasmagoric spectacle went out from their hands, describing it with more details and bright images. I like this musical Moulin Rouge very much and I want to emphasize that separate brilliant idea was to take plenty of modern hits and rehash them for this film. Thus, part of hits interlaced in magnificent pot-pourri, and some are carried out as independent works, but with quite by other accent and with quite by other serve. As you understand, to use for this film immortal Show must go on is a very risky step, taking into account a few specific orientation of film and awe which tests most audience to immortal and great singer. But in spite of the fact that in Moulin Rouge this song performance far from it due fervor, it sounds completely another faint notes and overflows span-new paints. If to be honest and critical in this film analyzing part of audience was disappointed with this film. Almost on every session a few persons (however, quite two-bit) leave cinema hall. Probably, they expected a not musical, but melodrama and they did not simply have patience a bit to wait the same tears and sobbingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ De autre part, somehow foolishly from a film with the name Moulin Rouge not to wait songs and dances. And they there are fully enough. Abort from film a love-story and it will turn out into a few quite shocking video clips. Especially as Luhrmann, as that is required by modern realities, feels free for surveys to use the clips manner of the endless changing of personnels and plans. But it does not irritate, because it done enough fairly. This musical forced me to think about interesting eternal questions. Is it correct to behave to the cinema spectacle as to the next type of public entertainments? It depends on the term that is understood under entertainment. As major socially-psychological force, the cinema releases a spectator from frustrations and tension of the last day, from an existential melancholy and numerous phobias, from sense of guilt or vulnerability. It is not an escape from problems, but clearing of the soul and returning of individual society  «resting », and sometimes and finding the new understanding of own life et al. Complexes and affects  «hatch » from the psyche of audience the masses by different cinema genres. The film of horrors is cleared by a subconsciousness from fear of death or illness, a comedy takes off a conflict between society and individual; fervor of detective not only in romanticism of city but also in proclamation of right for every human personality on protecting from any encroachments from outside. On consisting and development of such cinema genres of country it is possible effectively to define the degree of democracy of every society. Thus, taking into account all above mentioned and my personal emotion it is possible to conclude that it is really good musical, with interesting easy plot and emotional its presentation. I can recommend this film to all my friends, but it is necessary to watch it on a large screen, because exactly big screen allows spectators to receive all necessary impressions from a brilliant show. I would recommend men to go away from the half of film, from that moment, when Kidman begins continuously to die, can however, because Like and virgin is carried out in the second half of film, and Roxanne and quite in the end. But if you will not look these shocking numbers, it means you did not see this film. And it needs to be looked. It is satisfied unusually and very amusing. In my opinion you should remember that it is not a film but musical and wait wonderful show but not great films plot.

Plath’s Daddy Essay: Father and Husband as Vampires -- Plath Daddy Ess

Father and Husband as Vampires in Plath’s Daddy   Ã‚   The poem "Daddy" by Sylvia Plath concludes with the symbolic scene of the speaker killing her vampire father.   On an obvious level this represents Plath's struggle to deal with the haunting influence of her own father who died when she was a little girl.   However, as Mary G. DeJong points out, "Now that Plath's work is better known, ‘Daddy' is generally recognized as more than a confession of her personal feelings towards her father" (34-35).   In the context of the poem the scene's symbolism becomes ambiguous because mixed in with descriptions of the poet's father are clear references to her husband, who left her for another woman as "Daddy" was being written.   The problem for the reader is to figure out what Plath is saying about the connection between the figures of father and husband by tying them together in her poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A clue lies in the final image she uses, the vampire.   In today's movies and books vampires are portrayed as humans who have gained immortality and power in exchange for the need for blood and avoidance of sunlight and crosses.   However, Plath wrote her poem in 1962, and since then our culture's image of the vampire has changed drastically.   Historically, people who were transformed into vampires were no longer the same human beings.   Instead, they became monsters who retained only the physical appearance of their former selves.   Our interpretation of the poem is affected if we assume that when Plath wrote about a vampire she had in mind the older conception of a monster which took over the body of a now dead human.   With this image in mind we will tend to look for ways the duality of father and husband in the poem correspond to the vampire's dual i... ...the memory of her father's equally painful though unintentional abandonment.   Despite the mixing of father and husband in the antagonist of "Daddy" it is obvious which man Sylvia Plath is addressing with the poem's last line, written during the breakup of her marriage and three months before her suicide: "Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I'm through" (80). Works Cited Cam, Heather.   " ‘Daddy': Sylvia Plath's Debt to Anne Sexton."   American Literature 59   (1987): 429-32. DeJong, Mary G.   "Sylvia Plath and Sheila Ballantyne's Imaginary Crimes."   Studies in   American Fiction 16 (1988): 27-38. Ramazani, Jahan. " ‘Daddy I Have Had to Kill You': Plath, Rage, and the Modern Elegy."  Ã‚   Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 108 (1993): 1142-56. Srivastava, K.G.   "Plath's Daddy."   The Explicator 50 (1992): 126-28.               

Relapse Prevention Plan Essay

Jed, a 38 – year old welder, enrolled in the treatment center after his arrest resulting from drunken driving (DUI/DWI) (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d.). His lawyer has advised him to stop drinking and get treatment until his trial date, which is in approximate two months. Jed does not believe that he will serve any jail time, but feels that treatment could help strengthen his court case (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d.). In this paper, I will create a relapse prevention plan that will aid Jed as he enters into his treatment program. This paper will also show ways to identify the warning signs of relapse. A relapse begins long before the person actually picks up a drink or drug (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)-Department of Health and Human Services, 2007). Most proficient gradual warning signs that revive denial and result into intense pain calls for self-medication with alcohol or other drugs or both which is basically a noble idea. It is not a conscious task. The warning signs in this case are known to develop spontaneously and instinctively. Owing to that fact that not many recovering people are always taught on the best ways to recognize and mange relapse warning signs, they are not able to identify them up to the point when they start feeling unbearable pain. Step 1: Stabilization Relapse prevention planning will most probably not work if the relapser is not sober and in control of himself (Addiction in women, 2010). Detoxification and sobriety are very vital for the relapse prevention plan to work successfully. Having in mind that most people who relapse are toxic, even if they are sober, it will still be very difficult for them to think clearly remember things and manage their emotions. The symptoms would worsen in any case the person gets isolated from the society or when he undergoes stress. It is advisable to move slowly and focus on the basics and in this case, the question here should be â€Å"What is it that you need to do to avoid drinking today?† Step 2: Assessment This step aims at identifying the progressive pattern of problems that did result into the past relapses and then find solutions to the pain resulting from such problems. This would be accompanied by the reconstruction of the current problems, the alcohol and substance use history, life history and retrieval relapse history. Through the reconstruction and presentation of problems, the now and here issues that stand to cause immediate threat to sobriety can be pinpointed and crisis plans developed to resolve such issues. Step 3: Relapse Education Relapsers have to be familiar with the relapse process and the best ways to manage it. Involving the family and other sponsors is a great idea. The education should strive to emphasize four main messages: First, relapse is an ordinary and a natural process in the recovery out of the chemical dependence. One should not be ashamed of it like in the case of Jed who â€Å"gets jumpy† when he tries to stay away from drinking, feeling â€Å"closed in or like he is suffocating†. He also cannot imagine how to explain to his buddies why he is not joining them in the bars. Secondly, people are not all of a sudden taken drunk. There are gradual warning sign patterns that indicate they are slowly cropping in again. Such signs can only be recognized when one is sober. Thirdly, after they are identified, the recovering individuals can get to learn how to manage such relapse warning signs when sober. And the last one is that hope is real. Jed once attended a few AA meetings, but did not feel that AA was helpful: â€Å"It was listening to a lot of guys whining†¦.† This should and will most likely change if he attends a lecture that describes the typical warning signs that precede relapse to chemical use. Step 4: Warning Sign Identification Relapsers should be able to determine the problems that resulted into relapse. The main objective here is to list personal warning signs that made them move from a state of stable recovery all the way back to chemical  use. There is hardly ever just a single warning sign. Ordinarily a series of warning signs develop one after the other to create relapse. The cumulative effect is what wears them down. The ultimate warning sign is basically last blow. Regrettably most relapsers think it is the last warning sign that caused it all. For this reason, they tend to assume the early and more delicate warning signs that leads to the final disaster. Step 5: Follow-up The warning signs are unbound to change with progress in recovery (Field, Caetano, Harris, Frankowski & Roudsari, 2009). Each of the stages involved in the recovery process has distinctive warning signs. The ability to deal with the warning signs of one stage of recovery does not warranty that one will know how to manage the warning signs of the next stage. The relapse prevention plan therefore has to be updated more often which should be; monthly for the first three months, quarterly for the first two years, and annually thereafter. Call now for immediate relapse prevention help. References Addiction in women., (2010). Harvard Mental Health Letter, 26(7), 1–3. Field, C. A., Caetano, R., Harris, T. R., Frankowski, R., and Roudsari, B., (2009). Ethnic differences in drinking outcomes following a brief alcohol intervention in the trauma care setting. Society for the Study of Addiction, 105, 62–73. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (n.d.). Case examples. Retrieved March 28, 2010, from http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Social/Teaching%20Case%20Examples/Case%20Examples.html Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)-Department of Health and Human Services, (2007). Retrieved October 31, 2010 from http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k7nsduh/2k7results.cfm#2.7 Category: Essay Alcoholic Anonymous. (2014). About AA meetings [Newsgroup comment]. Retrieved from http://www.aa.org.au/new-to-aa/about-aa-meetings.php Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2012). Foundations of addiction counseling (2nd ed.). http://dx.doi.org/1009-0001-1763-00001764 National Institute on Alcohol

The Power of Mission and Vision … What’s Yours

The Power of Mission and Vision †¦ What’s Yours Why Have a Mission and Vision Anyway? And What Does It All Mean? Creating a mission and vision statement can be a formidable task. Large companies spend weeks and months on the process. When used to full advantage, a mission and vision truly underlie a company’s business model and become what employees and clients/customers align to. If someone is not excited about the company’s mission and vision, that person is not a good fit for the organization. ActionCOACH, my business coaching company, defines vision as strategic intent- why the entity exists; it is a statement against which all decisions can be measured. Mission, by comparison, is a practical description of how the ultimate vision will be achieved. Of course you can have a mission and vision whether you are a job seeker or a business owner. As you read the story of The Essay Expert’s mission and vision, I invite you to consider what your mission and vision would be. If you create one you like, please share it in the comments. The Essay Expert’s Mission and Vision Journey The Essay Expert did not have a mission statement for probably its first year. When I created one, it sounded right and it stuck (it also was a relatively easy process given that I was the only person who had to approve of it!). Here it is: The Essay Expert works intensively and personally with job seekers, college applicants and companies, to create powerfully written job search and marketing content. Our clients achieve unprecedented success in moving their careers, education and businesses to the next level. That mission statement does state how my company will achieve its ultimate goal. But without a vision statement, that ultimate goal was not defined. Then, last year in a business coaching meeting, Susan Thomson encouraged me to craft a vision statement to complement the mission. The vision I created was this: To empower people and companies to be confident and unstoppable in reaching their goals. This seemed like a statement with a higher purpose and goal that I believe in. And I have been using it. Each time I have considered bringing in a new writer, I have read this mission to them and ask for their thoughts on it, introducing them to the culture of my company. Inevitably, the writers I have chosen for my team have been very committed to contributing to the success of The Essay Expert’s clients. They have been truly aligned with my mission and vision, and I have never had a problem with a writer not being fully committed to The Essay Expert’s clients. Be Careful What You Vision For†¦ However, I have also encountered some issues when I have demanded more time and corrections from my writers than some other resume writing companies they have worked with. Why was this happening? Why were my writers feeling frustrated with my commitment to excellence? Two weeks ago, I discovered through a brief coaching session with Dr. Bob Wright that my company’s mission and vision were part of the problem. They were all about our company’s clients, and not about our team! This was a blind spot for me up until Bob pointed it out, and it was quite a revelation. I now realize that my company’s mission and vision must be not just about the work we do, but about who we are as a company and as human beings working together. To that end, my new vision and mission are â€Å"in progress† and will include something like this: We bring out the best in our clients and each other as a team of writers. We are committed to excellence. We strive to write more effectively, communicate more effectively, and showcase the brilliance in ourselves and in everyone we touch. Can you imagine a company where everyone is aligned with this philosophy? Where we are all working together toward excellence, becoming our best selves while supporting our clients to do the same? That’s a company I would want to work for! What is your mission and vision for yourself or your company? Please share below.

How to Become President of the United States

How to Become President of the United States With the primary election coming to an end, only two candidates (if you’re not counting the independent candidates) will remain. While that seems simple enough, the path to becoming the President of the United States can be rather confusing and difficult to understand. After all, our system involves us voting for who we want as our leader, but we technically vote for representatives who then vote for the person we want as our leader, in which the representatives don’t always abide by the wishes of the voter. Make sense? No? Yeah, it’s pretty  convoluted but to make things easier to digest, we’ve compiled a very short and basic infographic on what it takes to become the President of the United States.

Adult Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Adult Communication - Essay Example m the emphasis is on helping the individual members of the team to learn their potential for performance and through that learning maximize the performance of the team (Whitmore 2003). Managing in simple terms is the process of getting things done by individuals through planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling their activities. Thus managing a team involves using the five functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling the activities of the team members towards the objectives of the team (Managing and Leading). The difference between coaching becomes evident from their definitions and is lies essentially in their approach. Coaching is people oriented in that it is concerned with the development of the individuals. Managing is task oriented in that the emphasis is on the task to be achieved. The individuals in the team are the means to achieving the task. This analogy gives provides clarity in the difference between coaching a team and managing a team. A given area of land is to be invested with oak saplings. Oak saplings have a unique feature in that there is a single tap root that extends, as the sapling develops. In nursery saplings the tap root tends to be curled up into a ball, because of the restrictive environment for growth. Managing the investing of the land with oak saplings would involve the transfer of the saplings into the allotted number of pits in as quick and efficient a manner and ensuring the required fertiliser and moisture is provided for growth. This approach is due to the task oriented approach in managing a team. In the coaching approach the curled up taproot would be first uncurled and in the replanting process care would be taken to ensure that the fragile taproot is extended deep into the ground without damaging it, as this would ensure proper development of the oak sapling into a tree. The necessary moistur e would then be provided. Coaching is oriented towards the development of the

UK Tax System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

UK Tax System - Assignment Example Profit margins are small: Higher expenditure and lower selling prices will lead to a lesser bottom-line and so lower dividend payments. This problem can be overcome by working efficiently and effectively to generate high sales and stand up competitively by not lowering the prices of goods. Late payments from customers will seriously influence the cash flow: In this case, credit terms should be discussed beforehand with customers and be kept strict so as to make inflows earliest. Key supplier (s) will gradually be dissatisfied: If payment problems to suppliers arise due to the expansion or new orders being taken, suppliers will be alarmed and dissatisfied with the company. To cure this problem, the company should beforehand discuss the situation with the suppliers and the credit terms should be precisely conveyed so as to prevent future problems. (b) There are a number of short-term finances available to the company to finance its proposed expansion; two of them are discussed as follo ws: Bank Loan, and Bank Overdraft Bank Loan: In the case of this company, bank loan pertains to the short-term period usually equal to or less than a year. The bank according to the credit rating lends the company a certain amount of loan needed and on an interest rate negotiated. Strengths: Amount will be received on one-time basis and the payment will be done in monthly, quarterly or semi annually installments Cost of borrowing is lower than other means such as Bank Overdraft Interest rates are low Reliability and security is always there in terms of getting the money from the bank on time and for a certain period of time contracted upon with the bank Weaknesses: The loan will be secured against the company’s assets The riskier the business is, the higher the interest rate the bank will charge to cover up its risk Arrangement fees, as well as repayment fees, will have to be paid In case of early repayment of loan, an extra charge will have to be paid Bank Overdraft: It is a kind of loan arrangement under which a bank extends credit allotted to a company up to a maximum amount called the overdraft limit against which a customer or company who has current or checking account with the bank can write checks or make withdrawals (Business Dictionary 2011). Strengths: Appropriate for short-term financing Not secured against any asset of the company so the process of obtaining the loan Is expedited Only charged for the amount overdrawn from the bank account and also pertaining only to the period of time the overdraft facility had been used by the company Weaknesses: The bank overdraft amount has to be paid on demand of the bank. This puts the company at a great risk in the case when the bank decides to request the money back at an inconvenient time for the business High-interest rate is charged (c) Capital Gearing Ratio This ratio tells us that how much risk the company is in terms of financial risk and it is used by companies as well as its shareholders to a nalyze the company’s capital structure and leverage (Accounting for Management 2011).